Learn How to Design the Perfect Poster

Learn How to Design the Perfect Poster Posters are one of the most basic and versatile forms of advertising, and they remain one of my favorite things to design. They are commonly used to advertise an upcoming event, but their simplicity allows them to communicate a wide array of messages and campaigns, from the local, community level to the national platform. Because they employ the most basic design principles and are generally simple to produce, designing posters can be an ideal way to practice and hone your design skills.Here are a few important tips that will help to make your poster design successful and effective. Along every step of the process, keep your audience in mind, and think about what other kinds of posters and ads will be vying for their attention.Develop a concept with impactCreating a concept for your poster design is the key first step to ensure your message comes across in a compelling, impactful way. Think conceptually about how you can represent your main message as engaging imagery- whether that b e through illustrations, photography, or type treatments. For example, if youre designing a poster for a 5k race, you could select or create imagery that has a sense of movement. Start with a few concepts in mind, sketch them out, and then narrow down your favorites and start to flesh them out. Consider the context your poster will be placed in as you develop your concepts.Making your visuals high-contrast will make your poster both eye-catching and easy to distinguish, regardless of the visual approach you decide to take. Try using a large, dominant image on a simple background, or try the opposite–make a pattern of many interesting shapes or lines. Use a big photo or create a unique illustration. In some cases, using typography alone can be the most effective solution and provides you with some freedom to play with the way the headline looks as a dominant visual element. Consider using color to help elements stand out, and play with the scale of elements. Remember, the desi gn choices you make should refer back to and support your concept.When developing your poster concept, dont be afraid to try something new, unorthodox, or unusual. Poster design is a terrific opportunity to learn new skills and to try something novel, and its also a chance to step away from your screen and put some ideas down on paper first.Think outside the rectangleAs you start concepting and designing your poster, its important to consider the scale and format that your final printed poster will be. Picking a standard size has its advantages- you may be able to print cheaper if you dont choose a custom size. If youre working with a client, the size and specifications may already be predetermined, so make sure youre familiar with the specs of your project.A few specific poster sizes have become standard in the industry over time- a standard large poster size is 24x36, a medium poster is 18x24, and a small poster is 11x17.However, depending on how you plan to have your poster print ed and your production budget, you may have more flexibility with the size of your poster and the ability to choose a custom size. In this case, dont be afraid to try a unique proportion or orientation to help your poster stand out. Vertical rectangular posters are generally considered the norm, but rotating the poster to landscape format or trying a square or die-cut poster could earn your piece a second glance from a viewer. Size is also important- again, think about the context of your poster and how it will be viewed. A very large poster may be more eye-catching, but using the same budget to print several smaller posters might reach a broader audience. The general distance your audience will be from your posters should also determine the size and amount of information you present.Visibility is keyPosters will generally be viewed from a distance in a visually noisy environment, and other advertisers will be competing with you for viewers attention. Regardless of whether your post er will be on a community bulletin board or in front of a concert hall, all essential elements of your layout should be clear and easy-to-read, even from far away. A viewer should be able to quickly process and comprehend the message youre communicating, both through copy and visuals that support the message. Be sure to test this yourself by printing quick proofs to look at the sizing of text off-screen. Along with a large headline, big or brightly colored imagery can also help grab the attention of a viewer.Create a clear visual hierarchyOne of the most important aspects of a poster is its visual hierarchy or how the layout is organized. The layout should have a clear flow of information so that a viewers eye is directed from a focal point to the details of the message and the call to action. Choose a main headline that is short and to the point, and make it the largest typographic element on the page. As a general rule, the supporting details should be significantly smaller than t he headline, but not too small that they cant be read from a few feet away. These details should also be as concise as possible, and a viewer should easily be able to locate essential details about the event or campaign, like dates, times, contact info, and location within a few seconds of viewing the poster.Creating a decisive and clear call-to-action allows viewers the opportunity to interact with the message if theyre interested, and it can be as simple as visiting a website for more information. The effectiveness of QR codes has been debated, but designers and marketers still frequently use them as a relatively simple way for viewers to interact with a poster. Company or sponsor logos, if included, need to be sized and placed in a way that doesnt distract from the main message. An easy way to do this is to have logos placed at the bottom of the poster, anchored in a corner.Make sure that there is an appropriate amount of space between elements and that none of the text is too cr owded or tightly kerned- this can inhibit readability from a distance. Also, choose fonts that are clean and appropriate for your concept, and limit yourself to two or three fonts at most. Keep enough space around the outer margins so that no element sits too close to the edge of the poster, and consider using a grid to add structure and intentionality to your design.Keep it simpleThis tip is essential to creating effective posters- try to keep your poster as simple as possible. Weve all had that one client who wants to cram too much information onto an ad, but like I mentioned before, the more concise your message, the more likely it is to be effective and memorable to the viewer. Keep copy minimal and direct, and remove any visual element that doesnt support your concept. Dont feel like you have to use every inch of the page- a healthy amount of negative space can add contrast to your composition and help your concept stand out from the noise.Create a campaignDepending on your cli ent or situation, creating a poster might seem like a one-off project for a one-time event or show. However, even on a tight budget a simple poster design can be fleshed out into other avenues that can help your event or message gain more visibility. Convert your poster into a square format and youve got a graphic to share on social media for free. Consider sending a digital poster via email or creating a flyer or direct mail piece out of your design. Creating this kind of repeated branding for your message will help viewers to remember it and to spread the word around, giving your message more attention and visibility, and your client will appreciate the extra exposure.Break the rulesThe final tip is to forget all the previous tips! (Well, maybe not all of them.) Keeping general rules in mind will help you to create a professional-looking, considered piece, but dont get too hung up on the rules that they inhibit your creativity. In our ever-changing digital world, posters are a gre at print exercise to stretch your creative muscles. In my experience, Ive met many designers who use posters as their medium of choice for personal projects because theyre a quick and easy way to express an idea with lots of artistic freedom. Because of their accessibility and versatile nature, there are a million different possibilities for a design, and posters remain a relatively inexpensive way to get an idea into the world.In short, building your poster design on a solid concept and keeping details to a minimum will help you to create better posters that communicate more effectively to viewers. Use the flexibility of posters to your advantage to try something new and unique, and dont forget to have fun in the design process.

The Intern Bible Dos and Donts in the Workplace

The Intern Bible Dos and Donts in the Workplace You may be reading this moments before your first day as an intern and are nervously wondering, â€Å"What exactly is proper intern etiquette?† First off, congrats on the internship! You must have done something right to land the position. Now, just try not to mess it up. Just kidding. Actually, it’s important to remember that employers create internship programs as an opportunity for learning. Along the way, mistakes are going to be made and that’s not a bad thing – as long as you learn from them. In an effort to lessen your stress and increase your chance for success, here’s some do’s and don’ts to help you navigate the murky waters of interning.Do seek feedbackIt is crucial for an intern to seek feedback from their supervisor. It demonstrates that you are coachable. Seeking feedback takes all of the guesswork out of how so you can â€Å"wow† your boss. Feedback allows you to improve and learn how you can add value. As an inte rn, seeking feedback will communicate to your boss that you are highly self-aware and motivated to improve.Do clarify expectationsClarifying expectations is crucial as an intern. Telling the hiring team exactly what you want out of the internship is going to ensure that you are not coming to a job every day that you hate. No boss intentionally makes an intern’s job miserable. The majority of the time an unfulfilling internship is a result of individuals not clarifying exactly what they want out of the job. If you want to get better at presentations, tell your boss that. They want to teach you about what you want to learn and more.Don’t gossipNot only is gossiping at work unprofessional, but it also creates a toxic environment.   Gossiping damages trust and will have your coworkers hesitant to share things with you. As an intern, you may hear your manager gossiping about others in the office, but that does not warrant you to join in. Avoid joining in on gossip, and en sure you are doing everything in your power to avoid being the target of gossip. Dressing appropriate, not oversharing, and being mindful of what you post on social media are all effective ways to avoid being the topic of workplace gossip.Don’t be dependentNo supervisor wants to apprehensively hand their intern a pile of work, worrying if it will actually get done or not. In the workplace today, task-oriented jobs are seizing to exist – and so are bosses who micromanage. Be confident in your abilities to complete a task, large or small. Use this time as an intern to be independent.Don’t neglect networkingOffering to take your other fellow interns to lunch during the week is a nice gesture, but not the key to getting yourself a full-time offer once your internship is up. It’s crucial, as an intern, to network with the other full-time employees at the office. This could be your direct boss or other members of the full-time team. However, this does not mean to just have surface level relationships with a variety of people. The most useful networks are those with strong ties. The more someone knows you and believes in you, the more  likely they will be to vouch for you, think of you first when an opportunity opens, and be a reference to add to your resume.  About the Author:Margaret Foley is a senior at Texas Christian University, where she is majoring in Communications Studies and minoring in English and Graphic Design. She is currently interning at Varghese Summersett, a criminal defense law firm in Fort Worth, Texas.

Leadership Issues in the Digital Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership Issues in the Digital Economy - Essay Example The Digital Economy strategy focus on providing the capability to timely adoption and development of information technologies by governments, societies and businesses, and aims at the transformational impact that such technology can cause. Digital Economy strategy will combines the underlying technologies, with all other aspects needed to bring transformation. Digital economy touches on a variety of issues, encompassing general concerns like who pays for the strategy, who directs the it, as well as the valued of estimating openness as a basic principle. Digital economy also touches on concerns such as infrastructure (digital television transition, broadband networks, foreign investment and net neutrality), ability to innovate (Privacy Act, spam, lawful access, security breach disclosure), and digital content (open data, copyright reform, domain names, digitization, open access). The discussion will identify some areas of concern such as digital technologies, digital skills establishi ng a digital infrastructure, digital content and developing the ICT industry. The paper will focus on the various general issues that are significantly vital to a successful and strong digital economy strategy. Leadership is the basic requirement for any digital economy. Any country needs digital leaders, such as a Chief Technology Officer as well as the cabinet-level attention on the issue. Manufacturing, automotive, foreign investment, telecoms, competition, Statistics, consumer affairs, scientific research intellectual property and many other related issues all fall under this category. With wide scope of such digital issues, nations require a point of leadership, which has the capacity; enhance the strategy at the national level. In many countries, the trading partners have established ministerial positions with responsibility for certain digital issues. For instance, Australia has a Minister for industry, innovation, research and science, and a Minister for the digital economy, communication and broadband. The digital economy refers to a global network of economic and social undertakings that are permitted by media like the internet, mobile and sensor networks. The idea of a digital economy arose in the last decade of the 20th century. In this new economy, digital networking and communication infrastructures give a worldwide platform on which people and groups come up with strategies, interact, communicate, collaborate and search for data. For instance, a large group of digitized products such as databases, magazines, news and data, books, among others are offered over the digital setup anytime, anywhere in the universe. With increasing population and resource deployment, digital economy is not restricted to business transactions and services alone but, it also every part of life starting from health to education as well as from business to banking. The e-Government is taking its role in the digital economy by offering e-services in the different ministri es to its e-Citizens. The emergence of mobile technology has been intense. Mobile devices such as the smart phones, tablets, readers and other appliances have been more fruitful and transformed faster than many individuals anticipated. Cloud computing has continually expanded. This autonomous but related occurrence will possibly become a prominent and permanent ingredient of the digital landscape. Although there have been pressure and challenges in the recent days, they are a compulsory section of the development agenda that will

The Poverty of Women and the Inequality of the Welfare System Essay

The Poverty of Women and the Inequality of the Welfare System - Essay Example She states that the welfare system is not designed for women on women's terms, rather, she considers that it shows, This clarifies the concepts of the dualism of the welfare structure, and how it may be broken down into two subsystems, male and female. Diana Pearce points out that older women choose to receive social security benefit as wives rather than as individuals, due to the higher income of their husbands. If they divorced during their husband's retirement, they were more likely to receive: A United Nations study, released in 1985, found that women do 75 percent of the world's work but only earn 10 percent of the world's wealth (Kirk and Okazawa 318). After 20 years, the situation has changed. Today, more women work for an income than ever before. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, women's participation in the labor force has dramatically increased from 54 percent in 1950, with a projected increase to more than 70 percent in 2010. In spite of the growing number of women in the workforce, women's wages are usually lower than men's. The question as to why, may be answered by the fact that a patriarchal system exists which gives a false picture of the workforce. Fraser's essay informs us that these patriarchal norms have influenced our welfare system too. In our welfare system, men are considered as "rights-bearing beneficiaries" whereas women are considered as "dependent clients" (Fraser, 561). Diana Pearce states that the rate of poor, women-maintained households has increased, especially if they have children. Despite the greater needs of women-maintained households, there is not enough support given from either private or public transfer. In public transfer, based on Fraser's characterization of the U.S. welfare system, there are two totally different characteristics of welfare. One is unemployment and social security welfare transfer (cash), that is designed to provide benefits for "right-bearers", of which women receive 38 percent of these programs. Yet more than 80 percent of those receiving Aid for Dependent Children (AFDC) are children of women-maintained households. Women also receive 60 percent of food stamps. Fraser assumes that receiving unemployment and social security compensation denotes more equality than receiving food stamps and Medicaid. This is because the latter welfare programs are: "considered to be family failures, generally the absence of a male breadwinner" (Fraser, 563). Diana Pearce addresses the seriousness of women's poverty, and how it has been steadily increasing, while Fraser argues how the welfare system is unfair to women. In order to reduce the "feminization of poverty", the government needs create more jobs for women and women-maintained

Diversity in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Diversity in the Workplace Essay Richter (2011), Diversity in and of itself is neither a good nor a bad thing. It’s what we do with it that renders its quality. (para. 1). I believe that as a manger you should always be diverse when communicating to your employees. Diversity is showing a great deal of variety; very different. When you are communicating with your employees you must realize that everyone is different. This is why you have to communicate by different aspects to â€Å"get through† to each person. Many managers in many organizations are very unaware of the unlikeliness of diversity within their organization. Along with diversity in communication there also must be diversity in the organization’s climate. Organization climate is a set of properties of the work environment, perceived directly or indirectly by the employees, that is assumed to be a major force in influencing employee behavior. (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia, 2013). In my organization, our corporate entity, developed a Cultural Team. We have one hundred sixty stores in our division, and this team was mandatory in each store. It is a team made up of approximately ten to fifteen store employees. This team is to be a communication byway between the employee and management. The team is designed to develop events within each store to enhance employee morale. In my store we have adopted the idea of the Make a Wish Foundation. We conduct fund raisers, carnivals, cookouts, and holiday events that require help of all store employees and management. This interacts all employees with different cultural ideas. Not only does the team boost employee morale, it also helps management conduct business. The team helps management enforce policies in a manner to which all employees can adapt to. I believe that this team is a valuable asset to our organization. Our Cultural Team not only helps with existing employees, it also has a new hire aspect. When hiring new employees to the organization the team checks out this process.  The team makes sure our managers are being diverse in the making up of our demographics within o ur organization. My organization hires very diversely. The organization has employees with disabilities, male and female, different races, all ages, different religious views, and all ethnicities. I believe that these qualities show the diversity in any organization. It is important to hire employees with all of these differences. I believe that it makes an organization prosper and grow. With diversity also comes being ethical in the workplace. I believe that the manager of an organization serves a huge role in communicating the ethical guidelines. I think that it is the mangers responsibility to set the ethical climate for their organization. â€Å"Ethical climate is best understood as part of an organization’s culture. From the cultural vantage point, an organization is a tribe. As tribal members gather, they develop their own language, stories, beliefs, assumptions, ceremonies, and power structures. These elements combine to form a unique perspective on the world called the organization’s culture, how an organization responds to ethical issues is a part of this culture. Every organization faces a special set of ethical challenges. It creates its own set of values and norms, and develops guidelines for enforcing its ethical standards. Ethical climate, in turn, determines what members believe is right or wrong and shapes their ethical decision making and behavior.† (Johnson, 2008). Along with ethics, and diversity come being a culturally sensitive. Being culturally sensitive in your work environment means â€Å"being aware that cultural differences and similarities exist and have an effect on values, learning, and behavior.† (Stafford, Bowman, Eking, Hanna, 1997). I believe that mangers of any organization must realize that every employee is culturally different. In today’s society the younger generation especially were raised so differently. Young people adhere to a different set of values and communicators than an older generation will. I think as a manager that you have to deal with each situation differently. As a manager get to know your employees on a personal level, so that you may be able to dial into their cultural differences. Lastly comes ethical dimension decision making within an organization. In my opinion, managers should be well aware of all ethical dimensions within their organization. Being a manger always means  being aware of right and wrong. To me that is ethical. My own take on being ethical, is being honest. If an employee comes to you as a manager then it is my opinion that you owe that employee your full attention and honesty. In closing being a manger of any organization takes great skill and dedication. Though a manager and an organization are only as great as its employees. If you treat employees with respect to their own diversity, culture, and ethics, then you should have their respect. I believe that the main aspect that fails people in an organization today is being treated fairly. So if I ever become a manager within my organization, I plan to treat people based on their individual situation. I plan on knowing my people. Reference Page Richter, L. (2011). Bright Hub. Retrieved from http://www.brighthub.com/office/human-resources/articles/92553.aspx Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. (2013). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_climate Johnson, C.E. (2008). Creating an Ethical Organizational Climate. Retrieved from http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/23172_Chapter_9.pdf Stafford, Bowman, Eking, Hanna, L. (1997). University of Vermont. Retrieved from http://www.uvm.edu/~cdci/prlc/unit3_slide/sld005.htm

no paper :: essays research papers

i don't have a paper. While the Brothers Glazer have been hailed as everything from geniuses to gangsters for procuring Jon Gruden to be their head coach, it should be noted that they also have been incredibly fortuitous. Remember, they tried to get Gruden from the Raiders before, and Al Davis was not willing to negotiate then. For some reason, he was willing Sunday night. If Davis had not been willing, the Bucs would not have Gruden or Steve Mariucci. The Glazers, then, almost assuredly would not have been able to hire the kind of head coach they wanted, or repair the damage to their reputation. Remember, they had already whiffed at almost every pitch they had taken in the coaching process. So the Glazers should be very grateful indeed to Davis. He gave them more than a coach. He gave them respect from their employees, their fans and the rest of the NFL. There is no price you can put on that. There also is almost no price you can put on a great coach. So the Bucs did not overpay for Gruden in giving up two first round picks, two second round picks and $8 million. It's a lot, but if anyone is worth it, Gruden is. Gruden is a better choice for the Bucs than Bill Parcells. Gruden is a long-term answer. He should be the coach of this team for the next 10 years. Parcells, as great as he is, would have been a quick fix who might have left the organization in shambles in three or four years. Gruden is a better choice for the Bucs than Mariucci. In order to get Gruden, the Bucs didn't have to give him the general manager title. They would have had to give Mariucci the title to get him. The potential is there for a stronger organization with Gruden. One of the reasons the Bucs job initially was so attractive is the Bucs organization has been one of the league's best because of people like GM Rich McKay, personnel director Tim Ruskell and defensive coordinator Monte Kiffen. Hopefully, the process of hiring a head coach hasn't damaged the Bucs to the point where the strengths have become weaknesses. The Bucs need McKay and Ruskell to provide a strong complement to Gruden. Gruden is a better choice for the Bucs than Marvin Lewis. Gruden is a proven head coach, and a special one. no paper :: essays research papers i don't have a paper. While the Brothers Glazer have been hailed as everything from geniuses to gangsters for procuring Jon Gruden to be their head coach, it should be noted that they also have been incredibly fortuitous. Remember, they tried to get Gruden from the Raiders before, and Al Davis was not willing to negotiate then. For some reason, he was willing Sunday night. If Davis had not been willing, the Bucs would not have Gruden or Steve Mariucci. The Glazers, then, almost assuredly would not have been able to hire the kind of head coach they wanted, or repair the damage to their reputation. Remember, they had already whiffed at almost every pitch they had taken in the coaching process. So the Glazers should be very grateful indeed to Davis. He gave them more than a coach. He gave them respect from their employees, their fans and the rest of the NFL. There is no price you can put on that. There also is almost no price you can put on a great coach. So the Bucs did not overpay for Gruden in giving up two first round picks, two second round picks and $8 million. It's a lot, but if anyone is worth it, Gruden is. Gruden is a better choice for the Bucs than Bill Parcells. Gruden is a long-term answer. He should be the coach of this team for the next 10 years. Parcells, as great as he is, would have been a quick fix who might have left the organization in shambles in three or four years. Gruden is a better choice for the Bucs than Mariucci. In order to get Gruden, the Bucs didn't have to give him the general manager title. They would have had to give Mariucci the title to get him. The potential is there for a stronger organization with Gruden. One of the reasons the Bucs job initially was so attractive is the Bucs organization has been one of the league's best because of people like GM Rich McKay, personnel director Tim Ruskell and defensive coordinator Monte Kiffen. Hopefully, the process of hiring a head coach hasn't damaged the Bucs to the point where the strengths have become weaknesses. The Bucs need McKay and Ruskell to provide a strong complement to Gruden. Gruden is a better choice for the Bucs than Marvin Lewis. Gruden is a proven head coach, and a special one.

The Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution

Ben Jorgensen Professor Wakefield English 5 3 April 2013 The Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution What was the driving force behind the French Revolution? Many people may say it was financial, or political, and while I would agree that these things were part of the force that propelled the French Revolution, I would assert that the philosophies of the Enlightenment were the dominant force that blasted late eighteenth century France into revolution .In his article, â€Å"The French Revolution: Ideas and Ideologies â€Å"Maurice Cranston of History Today articulates that the Enlightenment philosophies were pivotal in the revolutions inception. He writes that: â€Å"The philosophes undoubtedly provided the ideas. † Cranston goes on to write that: â€Å"†¦the unfolding of the Revolution, what was thought, what was said, and what was advocated, was expressed in terms and categories that came from political theorists of the Enlightenment. While many of the Enlig htenment concepts contributed to the revolution, I would propose that the philosophy of rationalism was foundational to the French Revolution because of its reliance on reason, and its opposition to superstition. Rationalism in its epistemology is defined by the Online Oxford Dictionary as: â€Å"A belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response. The Online Encyclopedia Britannica adds: â€Å"Holding that reality itself has an inherently logical structure, the rationalist asserts that a class of truths exists that the intellect can grasp directly. † There are many types and expressions of rationalism, but the most influential expressions of rationalism pertaining to the French Revolution were in ethics and metaphysics. The first modern rationalist philosopher was Rene Descartes (1596-1650).The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy states that: â€Å"Descartes is known as the father of mod ern philosophy precisely because he initiated the so-called epistemological turn that is with us still. † Descartes interest in philosophy stemmed from a fascination with the question of whether humans could know anything for certain. Descartes desired to create a philosophy that was as solid as say the concepts of algebra, or geometry, a philosophy based purely on quantifiable reason and logic.In this way, Rene Descartes laid the foundation for philosophies built on reason as opposed to superstition, chief among them: rationalism. While Rene Descartes defined the terms and laid down the agenda for the philosophy of rationalism, Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) and Gottfried Leibniz (1646-1716) completed the triad for the chief philosophers of rationalism. Spinoza and Leibniz took the terms and agenda of Descartes philosophy of rationalism, and developed their own views on rationalism, both publishing a number of books, and journals on their rationalist philosophies.Although these e arly modern philosophers of rationalism did not directly influence the French Revolution, it cannot be doubted that their general epistemological philosophy of rationalism helped create a new way of thinking in which man was not ordained by God to rule over other men, but that it was through reason of the mind that man chose to be ruler or subject. The French Revolution began between the years 1787 and 1789.It is no wonder that the revolution occurred at this time when the Enlightenment was in its prime, shining light onto the social and political issues of the day with new philosophies like rationalism that challenged the old feudalistic and monarchist regimes of Europe that were built on irrationality and superstition. William Doyle, in his book, â€Å"The French Revolution: A Very Short Introduction,† conveys that the French Revolution was: â€Å"†¦triggered by King Louis XVI’s attempt to avoid bankruptcy. (19) However, while the trigger was financial, the soc ial and political rumblings of the Third estate is what shook, and toppled the old regime under Louis XVI, afterword which came to be called the ancien regime by the French people. Author William Doyle says that: â€Å"In political terms pre-revolutionary France was an absolute monarchy. The King shared his powers with nobody, and was answerable for its exercise to nobody but God. (21) The ancien regime government lacked reason, but was bursting with more than its fair share of divine laws and rights that the â€Å"creator† had set in place in order to insure social stability. In fact, as Doyle points out in his book, this concept that God had set forth a divine law to be followed was directly stated in a document that parliament wrote: â€Å"This social order is not only essential to the practice of every sound government: it has its origin in divine law. (24) The document goes on to say that: â€Å"The infinite and immutable wisdom in the plan of the universe established an unequal distribution of strength and character, necessarily resulting in inequality in the conditions of men within the civil order†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (24) This document summed up the ancien regimes ideology: God has placed the king the clergy, and aristocracy above the common people and that is how it is, because that is how it has been.The words irrational, divine, and superstitious come up many times when describing the ancien regimes government and society; in fact, these things were actually integral to the maintenance of government and society in France during the ancien regime. Indeed, you could not have this form of government without divine law, irrational organization, and superstitious beliefs. The rumblings of the French Revolution began as rates of literacy increased.With the rise in literacy, the French people demanded more newspapers, and books, and as much as the aristocracy and Church tried to filter what the public read, the French people began to read the writings of philosophers like, Leibniz, Spinoza, Descartes, Voltaire, and Montesquieu. With this increase in literacy, and thus knowledge, the French people became more involved in politics than they originally had been. Now Louis the XVI was scrutinized for his actions, for his mishandling of his citizens finances.Now the people of France came to expect their King to act for his people in observance of laws, as a representative of the people, instead of a man who had divine superiority over them. William Doyle writes that: â€Å" in the eighteenth century these expectations were reinforced by the widespread conviction that since nature had herself (as Isaac Newton had shown) worked by invariable laws and not divine caprice, human affairs should also be conducted so far as was possible according to fixed and regular principles, rooted in rationality, in which the scope of arbitrariness was reduced to a minimum. To have a government and society â€Å"Rooted in rationality† was what th e French revolutionaries so passionately fought to attain. In his book Europe in Retrospect, Raymond F. Betts writes that â€Å"It must be remembered that the French Revolution was the first major social revolution, of far greater dimensions and of deeper purpose than the American Revolution that had preceded it. Betts continues to explain in his book that the ideology of the French Revolution was unique for its time in what it sought to accomplish, and what it stood for: â€Å"To sweep away the old and begin the new was the liberal solution; it was predicated upon the assumption that human nature was essentially good, mankind essentially rational, and the purpose of life the ‘pursuit of earthly happiness. † The assumption that humankind was rational was a belief that the revolutionaries espoused, but I would also say that the French Revolution was built on a belief that government, society, and the individual were all capable of thriving on reason, in part on the phil osophy of rationalism. Although many events that took place during the French Revolution were controversial, and at times the actions taken by the revolutionaries were irrational, the French Revolution originated from a place of enlightenment.Indeed, more specifically, from the philosophies of the Enlightenment, and while many of the philosophies of the Enlightenment contributed to the inception of the French Revolution, the philosophy of rationalism contradicted so much of pre-r revolutionary French society that to subscribe to rationalism at that time was a revolution in itself. Steven Kreis of The History Guide. com summarizes the eventual results of the Revolution eloquently stating that: â€Å"Man had entered a stage in human history characterized by his emancipation from superstition, prejudice, cruelty and enthusiasm.Liberty had triumphed over tyranny. New institutions were created on the foundations of reason and justice and not authority or blind faith. The barriers to fre edom, liberty, equality and brotherhood were torn down. Man had been released from otherworldly torment and was now making history! † Works Cited Cranston, Maurice. â€Å"The French Revolution: Ideas and Ideologies. † History Today. History Today, 1989. Web. 2 Apr. 2013. Doyle, William. The French Revolution: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: New York, 2001. Print.Kreis, Steven. â€Å"Lecture 11: The Origins of the French Revolution. † Lecture 11: The Origins of the French Revolution. The History Guide. com, 30 Oct. 2006. Web. 02 Apr. 2013. Lennon, Thomas M. , and Shannon Dea. â€Å"Continental Rationalism. † The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Fall 2012 ed. N. d. Web. â€Å"Rationalism Definition. † Oxford Dictionaries Online (US). N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Rationalism†. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2013. Web. 02 Apr. 2013

Contributions of Science in Maintaining World Peace Essay

Science has made great progress in recent times. Through science man has been able to conquer nature. He has acquired control over land, air and water. Time and distance have no meaning in this sputnik Age. Some people think that science is responsible for wars. It has placed in the hands of the man extremely destructive weapons. They may ruin the world completely. It may be true to some extent. But science has also contributed a lot towards world peace. Today very fast means of transport and communications are available. Armies can be moved from one place to another in no times. These forces check the advance of an enemy. Thus war is prevented. Big wars break out due to certain causes. Poverty, disease, hunger, etc. , are enemies of mankind. Some countries are rich while others are poor. Scientific inventions have given us valuable machines. With their help production has been increased manifold. Even the backward and poor countries have now begun to enjoy a better standard of living. The contribution of science to medical science is well known to everyone. Wonderful drops like penicillin, streptomycin, Chloromycetin, etc. , have been discovered. They have ensured long and healthy life to the people of the world. By removing such causes of war, science has helped in reducing the chances of a world war to the minimum. Small sparks lead to big conflagrations. Similarly minor internal disturbances within a country sometimes lead to big wars, but now-a-days the police and military can be sent to the spots of trouble within no time. Thus, internal peace is far more secure today than it ever was. Science has given very effective means of propaganda. The Radio, the Television, the News paper and the cinema are very powerful means of propaganda. Through them, the people of the world can easily know the horrible effects of modern warfare. Through cinema, pictures of horrors of war are shown to the people. Thus public opinion is created against war. This also helps in preventing war. Science has not reached the limits of its inventions even now. It is making even more starting inventions. It is now busy in acquiring control over outer space. Furthermore, man is today more conscious of necessity of world peace than ever before. He has begun to use his knowledge of science for peaceful purposes. Let us be optimistic that science enables us to banish war completely in the near future.

A private life essays

A private life essays Ran Chens A Private Life, is a monologue written in autobiographical format that reflects on the coming of womanhood in its female heroine from the time period of the mid 1970s to the mid-1990s. The novel explores the main characters individuality of existence, her desires and sexual ideologies, and the problems in her inner life that caused her disconnections to the outside world. A Private Life is a reflection of a new womans image in post-modern China. It observes a womans emotional confusion of the female body, sexuality, and provocative fantasies. Ran Chens novel is a distinction of a womans self-realization journey that allows her to ultimately seek freedom of emotions and sensibilities through her madness and sanity. Throughout the novel, the main character, Ni Niuniu constantly withdraws herself from her surroundings and her environment and buries herself into her inner, private spectrum. Ni Niuniu struggles with the grasp of the reality of the outside world, the changes with her body and her maturation of womanhood, and the identification of gender roles in her life. One of the most important conflicts that Ni Niuniu experiences is the threat of male embodiments that annihilates her individual identity through her father. Ni Niuniu and her family suffer from the estrangement of her father. Her father was a tyrannical image in Niunius life. Of course, whether you were talking about authority, physical dominance, or economic power, he was unquestionably number one in our family. But seeing how my father suppressed or restrained his attitude toward Sophia Loren led me, after I had grown up to see another reason for his dominance: his aggressiveness, his despotic ways, and his power were freely g iven to him by Mother, Nanny, and me. We handed him the power to oppress us through our gentleness and submissiveness. The more tolerant and obedient we were, the more violent and dictato...

ESL Examples of Verbs Expressing Sounds

ESL Examples of Verbs Expressing Sounds The following verbs are used to express different types of sounds. Many of these words are onomatopoeia. Onomatopoeia are words that intimate the sounds they express. A good example is the verb sizzle. Sizzle is the sound that bacon makes as it is frying in the pan. Sound Verbs Buzz -Â  Bees buzz as they fly about collecting pollen.Hum -Â  I like to hum as I do the cleaning around the house.Boo -Â  The crowd booed the politician to show their displeasure.Howl -Â  Sarah howled in pain when she stubbed her toe on the door.Whimper -Â  The dog whimpered because it missed its owner.Crunch -Â  The icy snow crunched underneath my feet as I walked across the field.Whoosh -Â  The air left the tire with a great whoosh.Screech -Â  The crow screeched in the distance when it saw the people approaching.Whir -Â  The computer whirred as it processed the data.Grind -Â  Dont grind your teeth! Youll wear them down.Gurgle -Â  I could hear the small brook gurgling in the background.Chirp -Â  The little songbird chirped happily from the bush.Rattle -Â  The broken part rattled inside the gadget.Neigh -Â  The horse neighed as it came to a stop.Squeak -Â  The little mouse squeaked as it looked for food throughout the house.Splash -Â  Tom splashed loudly when he jump ed into the swimming pool.Ping -Â  The modem pinged as it connected to the network. Puff -Â  I stood puffing hard after the two-mile run.Clatter -Â  The dishes clattered in the kitchen while he cleaned up after dinner.Thud -Â  The book dropped onto the floor with a loud thud.Moo -Â  The cow mooed loudly as it tried to scare the men walking through the field.Tinkle -Â  The crystal glass tinkled lightly when I toasted with my wife.Clang -Â  Could you please be quiet? Youre clanging those pots and pans and its driving me crazy!Hiss -Â  The snake hissed at the hiker to warn him away.

Demonstration of the Value of Health, Safety and Environmental Essay

Demonstration of the Value of Health, Safety and Environmental Programs in Corporate Settings - Essay Example 75 million working days are lost because of on-job-hazards. $50 billion are given as compensation for injuries and deaths in organizations. $50 billion is spent on indirect costs like replacement, training and so on (Bohlander, 2004). On average $23,000 per serious accident- is the cost incurred by an employer in U.S.A. When a boiler explosion killed 6 workers at Ford's Rouge Power Plant, Ford was fined $1.5 million and directed to spend $6million on safety measures. The staggering number of work-related accidents is alarming. 6,026 U.S workers died recently in workplace incidents at work and 6.2 million suffered from workplace injuries and many go unreported. In 2004, 5,703 fatalities have been reported of which 1004 were due to contact with equipments,815 because of falls, 459 due to exposure to harmful substances and 159 due to fire and explosions. Organizations should ensure a safe work environment which protects employees from physical hazards, unhealthy situations and violence from other personal. This can be achieved by Safety and Health Programmes which strives to preserve the physical and emotional well-being of the employees. This is important because employees are the Human Resources of an organization who contribute towards organizational success. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) was passed in 1970 to assure so far as possible every working woman and man in the Nation safe and healthy working conditions and to preserve human resources. The Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970 created (OSHA) the Occupational Safety and Health Administration within the Department of labour. The importance of such laws can be well documented by the statistical survey of Occupational hazards. In 2000, 5.7 million injuries were reported in private sector alone. 5,915 fatalities were reported in 2000 alone due to industrial injuries. The Occupational Safety and Health Act laws cover all the employers and their employees except a few federal governments, or states or political sub-divisions of a state. However, even in such cases, each federal agency is required to establish a Safety and Health program monitored by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. One of the key responsibilities of the Occupational Safety and Health administration has been the development of mandatory job safety and health standards, enforce these standards and monitor them. These standards have been classified into four categories. 1. General Industry 2. Maritime 3. Construction and 4. Agriculture. These standards cover the workplace, machinery, material, power sources, processing, protective measures, first aid and administrative requirements. The 'Federal Register' is the main source of information on proposed, adapted, amended and deleted OSHA standards. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has the power to set standards on its own account or on petition from other parties, namely, The Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Other bodies like state and local governments, nationality recognized standards organization, employer or labour representative can also initiate standard setting. The Secretary of labour is the person authorized by OSHA to conduct inspections of workplaces, to